Regenwassernutzung als Komponente der Bauplanung

摘要

Ökologische Konzepte durch Nutzungskombination: Versickerung, Verdunstung und verzögerte Ableitung. Statistisch gesehen haben wir in Deutschland keinen Wassermangel, weder regnet es zu wenig, noch ist das Trinkwasseervorkommen zu knapp. Allerdings hilft die Statistik wenig, wenn dennoch zeitweise regionale Versor-gungsengpässe entstehen. Am 15. Juli 1993 wurde für weite Teile des Regierungsbezirkes Darmstadt der Wassernotstand ausgerufen. Gründächer, Privatgärten und Sportflächen durften während dieser Zeit nicht mit Trinkwasser bewässert werden. Im Jahr zuvor dauerte die Wasserknappheit fast drei Monate.%In order to counter the problem of regional water shortages, three exemplary projects were implemented in Germany between 1992 and 1994. At a sports centre in Marburg, the playing fields are sprinkled with roof runoff. This reduces drinking water consumption, relieves the strain on the sewage system and helps replenish groundwater stocks. The yield can be increased by restricting watering to the morning and evening, when evaporation is low, and by returning excess sprinkling water to the cisterns via the playing field drainage system. Rainwater is also collected at a printing shop in Lahr, where it is used for flushing toilets, running machines and for watering purposes; outside surfaces have not been sealed. In the third example, roof planting and ponds hold back runoff at a business and community complex in Frankfurt on Main. The water is used in all the toilets in the 7,000 square meter building, for watering plants and for providing humidity in glazed areas. The combination of rainwater utilisation, drainage and retention adds up to more than the sum of its parts, but should be incorporated into the planning of a building at an early stage to achieve results that are appropriate to the architecture.