The potential effect of end-users on energy conservation in office buildings

摘要

Purpose - The purpose of the study is to estimate the potential of end-user effect on energy conservation in office buildings. The study quantifies the energy conservation potential and estimates the current level of energy management in four banking organisations in the Nordic countries. Design/methodology/approach - The multiple case study employs quantitative scenario analysis for estimating the energy conservation potential of office equipment and lighting, and uses a qualitative model for estimating the current level of end-user energy management in the organisations. Findings - The study found that noticeable potential for energy conservation exists in the end-user energy consumption. The tested scenarios significantly decreased the yearly electricity consumption of office equipment, for some 70 per cent, from 21 kWh per m~2 to 6 kWh per m~2. The electricity consumption of lighting was also noticeably improved, for some 30 per cent, from 38 kWh per m~2 to 27 kWh per m~2, equalling a 29 per cent reduction there. Altogether, the identified savings equal an improvement of roughly 20 per cent in the overall electricity consumption of the organisations. At the same time, the evaluation of current energy management showed that the management practices implemented represent only a rather modest level of end-user energy management. Research limitations/implications - The multiple case study focused on four Nordic countries and banking organisations only. As the banking sector tends to be more conservative than some other industries, the results are not necessary valid in all industries. The simulation tools used, especially for lighting, only give estimation of the "best case" type of situation for tested scenarios, in which it is assumed that all end-users would start to behave according to the scenario. Practical implications - This study implies clearly that end-user-energy-management services are needed in FM. Although the user behaviour is more challenging to manage than pure technology, it can be quite profitable. For example, in the studied organisations, the savings found in end-user energy would equal yearly profits of roughly 1.7 million ?, i.e. some 20 per cent of the overall electricity budgets of the companies. Originality/value - Most of the quantitative energy conservation studies in the offices have concentrated so far on new constructions and building system improvements. This study quantifies the potential influence of good facilities management with the end-user activation on the energy efficiency of office buildings.