During the 20th century, the world increased its fossil fuel consumption by a factor of 12 while extracting 34 times more material resources. Today, every European consumes 16 tonnes of resources per year, six of which are wasted, with half going to landfill, according to the European Commission. These trends are unsustainable for Europe, with its limited resources and extreme dependence on imports. The European Union has no choice. It has to evolve from a linear economy based on the programmed obsolescence of products {produce-consume-throw away) to a circular economy where the product's entire life-cycle is taken into account. That supposes environment-friendly product design in which each component can be separated, processed and re-used. This tremendous challenge involves scientists, industry and consumers alike. If well managed, it can drive competitiveness, jobs and growth.
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