NOBLE LIQUID CALORIMETRY AT THE LHC AND PROSPECTS OF ITS APPLICATION IN FUTURE COLLIDER EXPERIMENTS

摘要

Calorimetry refers to the absorption of a particle and the transformation of its energy into a measurable signal related to the energy of the particle. A calorimetric measurement requires that the particle is completely absorbed and is thus no longer available for subsequent measurements. Since the energy of the incident particle is usually much higher than the threshold of inelastic reactions between the particle and the detector medium, the energy loss will produce a cascade of lower energy particles, whose number is proportional to the incident energy. Charged particles in the shower ultimately loose their energy through elementary processes, mainly by ionization and atomic level excitation.