Der Energieverbrauch zur Herstellung von Mineralölprodukten

摘要

Mit Hilfe des Simulationsprogramms »Modellraffinerie Deutschland« wurden die spe- zifischen Energieverbräuche zur Herstellung von Mineralölprodukten berechnet. Diese Faktoren gelten allerdings nur für die derzeitige Struktur des Mineralölmarktes bzw. der Rohölverarbeitung. Dies muß bei der Entwicklung von Strategien zur Steigerung der Effizienz bzw. zur Verminderung der CO_2-Emissionen bei der Nutzung von Mineralölprodukten berücksichtigt werden; die Annahme fester Faktoren fur die spezifischen Energieverbräuche zur Herstellung von Mineralölprodukten führt bei großer Extrapolation von der derzeitigen Marktstruktur zu falschen Schlußfolgerungen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird dieser Sachverhalt an Hand einiger charakteristischer Beispiele (Teilsubstitution von Ottokraftstoff durch Dieselöl, verstärkte Rückstandskonversion) erläutert.%In this paper, the factors of the specific energy consumption for the production of refinery products are presented, calculated by means of the computer program »Model Refinery of Germany«. This model, already presented in an earlier paper, includes all major processes installed today in German refineries. The calculated factors are only valid for today's structure of demand and production of petroleum products. This limitation must be considered in the development of strategies for the most efficient use of petroleum products and for the reduction of CO_2-emissi-ons, respectively. The assumption of constant factors of the specific energy consumption for the production of individual refinery products leads to wrong conclusions, if extrapolation from today's market structure is necessary. For example, the factor of the specific energy consumption for the production of diesel oil is at present about half of the one of gasoline. In addition, diesel engines are more effective as Otto engines in terms of CO_2-emissions per km. These two figures easily (mis)lead to the assumption that the CO_2-emissions are considerabely reduced by substituting gasoline by diesel oil. However, this paper shows that the potential reduction of CO_2-emissions - resulting from production and use of gasoline and diesel oil - would only be less than 1%: 1. The potential production of diesel oil instead of gasoline is limited, e. g. in German refineries to about 5 million t/a, even if all FCC-plants were replaced by hy-drocrackers. 2. In this case, the specific energy consumption for the production of diesel oil (respectively of kerosine and of light fuel oil) will increase by about 20 %. This leads to an increase of the total energy consumption of oil refining by 3%, whereby nearly all the obtainable energy savings of street-traffic are brought to nothing.