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Monitoring and Modeling Endosulfan in Chinese Surface Soil

机译:中国表层土壤中硫丹的监测与建模

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摘要

Endosulfan is a currently used organochlorine pesticide in China, with annual usage of 23001 between 1994 and 2004. Concentrations of endosulfan (including α- and β-isomers and their metabolite endosulfan sulfate) were reported for surface soil collected in 2005 at 141 sites (6 background, 95 rural, and 40 urban) across China. The concentrations of total endosulfan (sum of α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, and endosulfan sulfate) at all sites ranged from BDL (below detection limit) to 19000 pg/g dry weight (dw), with geometric mean (GM) 120 pg/g dw. Rural soils had the highest total endosulfan concentrations, with GM 160 pg/g dw, followed by urban soils (GM = 83 pg/g dw) and background soils (GM = 38 pg/g dw). The observed soil concentrations of α-endosulfan (GM = 6.5 pg/g dw) were much lower than those of β-endosulfan (GM = 49 pg/g dw) and endosulfan sulfate (GM = 47 pg/g dw). The fractional abundance of a-endosulfan F_(α-ando) [α-endosulfan/(α-endosulfan + β-endosulfan)] for all soils ranged from 0.00040 to 0.91, with GM 0.10, much lower than those in technical products (ranged from 0.67 to 0.7), which most likely reflects that α-endosulfan is more volatile and degrades faster than β-endosulfan in soil. Consequently, half-life of β-endosulfan in soil is expected longer thanα-endosulfan. Significant correlation between endosulfan sulfate and its parent isomers suggested that the presence of endosulfan sulfate originated from its parent isomers. Based on multiple linear regression model, inventories of endosulfan sulfate in Chinese agricultural soil in 2004 with a 1/4° longitude × 1/6° latitude resolution are established. Comparison between field measurements and modeling results showed significant correlations between the modeled and measured endosulfan concentrations, and 89%, 83%, and 70% of monitoring data fell between the lowest and the highest modeled concentrations for α- and β-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate, respectively. The good agreement lends credibility to modeled soil concentrations of endosulfan. To our knowledge, this is the first soil concentration inventory for endosulfan sulfate, which paves the way for further study on its environmental behavior.
机译:硫丹是中国目前使用的有机氯农药,1994年至2004年之间的年使用量为23001。据报告,2005年在141个地点收集的表层土壤中硫丹(包括α-和β-异构体及其代谢产物硫丹硫酸盐)的浓度(6背景,95个农村地区和40个城市地区)。所有位点的总硫丹浓度(α-硫丹,β-硫丹和硫酸硫丹的总和)的范围从BDL(低于检测限)到19000 pg / g干重(dw),几何平均值(GM)120 pg /克dw。农村土壤的硫丹总浓度最高,GM为160 pg / g dw,其次是城市土壤(GM = 83 pg / g dw)和背景土壤(GM = 38 pg / g dw)。观测到的土壤中α-硫丹(GM = 6.5 pg / g dw)的浓度远低于β-硫丹(GM = 49 pg / g dw)和硫酸硫丹(GM = 47 pg / g dw)。在所有土壤中,α-硫丹F_(α-ando)[α-硫丹/(α-硫丹+β-硫丹)]的分数丰度范围为0.00040至0.91,GM为0.10,远低于技术产品(范围(从0.67到0.7),这很可能反映出土壤中α-硫丹比β-硫丹更易挥发,降解速度更快。因此,预计β-硫丹在土壤中的半衰期会比α-硫丹更长。硫酸硫丹与其母体异构体之间的显着相关性表明,硫酸硫丹的存在源自其母体异构体。基于多元线性回归模型,建立了2004年中国农业土壤中硫丹硫酸盐的清单,经度为1/4°×1/6°。实地测量结果与建模结果之间的比较表明,建模和测量的硫丹浓度之间存在显着的相关性,并且89%,83%和70%的监测数据介于最低和最高建模浓度的α-,β-硫丹和硫丹之间, 分别。良好的协议为模拟硫丹的土壤浓度提供了可信度。据我们所知,这是硫酸硫丹的第一个土壤浓度清单,为进一步研究其环境行为铺平了道路。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2010年第24期|p.9279-9284|共6页
  • 作者单位

    International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China;

    rnIJRC-PTS, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P. R. China;

    rnInternational Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China ,Environmental System Biology Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China;

    rnInternational Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China;

    rnInternational Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China;

    rnScience and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Canada;

    rnIJRC-PTS, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P. R. China ,Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States;

    rnInternational Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China ,IJRC-PTS, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P. R. China ,Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Canada;

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