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Traffic-related air pollution and health co-benefits of alternative transport in Adelaide, South Australia

机译:南澳大利亚州阿德莱德市与交通有关的空气污染与替代运输的健康共同利益

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Background: Motor vehicle emissions contribute nearly a quarter of the world's energy-related greenhouse gases and cause non-negligible air pollution, primarily in urban areas. Changing people's travel behaviour towards alternative transport is an efficient approach to mitigate harmful environmental impacts caused by a large number of vehicles. Such a strategy also provides an opportunity to gain health co-benefits of improved air quality and enhanced physical activities. This study aimed at quantifying co-benefit effects of alternative transport use in Adelaide, South Australia. Method: We made projections for a business-as-usual scenario for 2030 with alternative transport scenarios. Separate models including air pollution models and comparative risk assessment health models were developed to link alternative transport scenarios with possible environmental and health benefits. Results: In the study region with an estimated population of 1.4 million in 2030, by shifting 40% of vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT) by passenger vehicles to alternative transport, annual average urban PM_(2.5) would decline by approximately 0.4 μg/m~3 compared to business-as-usual, resulting in net health benefits of an estimated 13 deaths/year prevented and 118 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) prevented per year due to improved air quality. Further health benefits would be obtained from improved physical fitness through active transport (508 deaths/year prevented, 6569 DALYs/year prevented), and changes in traffic injuries (21 deaths and, 960 DALYs prevented). Conclusion: Although uncertainties remain, our findings suggest that significant environmental and health benefits are possible if alternative transport replaces even a relatively small portion of car trips. The results may provide assistance to various government organisations and relevant service providers and promote collaboration in policy-making, city planning and infrastructure establishment.
机译:背景:机动车排放占全球与能源有关的温室气体的近四分之一,并造成了不可忽略的空气污染,主要在城市地区。将人们的出行方式改变为替代运输是减轻由大量车辆造成的有害环境影响的有效方法。这样的策略还提供了获得改善空气质量和增强身体活动的健康共同利益的机会。这项研究旨在量化南澳大利亚州阿德莱德市替代交通使用的共同效益。方法:我们对2030年的业务照常情景进行了预测,并采用了替代运输情景。开发了包括空气污染模型和比较风险评估健康模型在内的单独模型,以将替代运输方案与可能的环境和健康益处联系起来。结果:在研究区域(预计到2030年将达到140万人口),通过将40%的乘用车行驶公里数(VKT)转移至替代运输,城市平均PM_(2.5)每年将下降约0.4μg/ m〜与通常情况相比,该数字为3,因此,由于空气质量的改善,每年估计可预防13例死亡/年,并预防118例残疾调整生命年(DALYs)带来的净健康收益。通过积极的运输改善体质(预防508例死亡/年,预防6569个DALYs /年),以及交通伤害的变化(预防21例死亡和960个DALYs),可以获得更多的健康益处。结论:尽管不确定性仍然存在,但我们的发现表明,即使替代性交通替代了相对较小的汽车旅行,也可能对环境和健康产生重大影响。结果可能会为各种政府组织和相关服务提供商提供帮助,并促进决策,城市规划和基础设施建设方面的合作。

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