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Perfluoroalkyl substances in UK indoor and outdoor air: Spatial and seasonal variation, and implications for human exposure

机译:英国室内和室外空气中的全氟烷基物质:空间和季节变化及其对人体暴露的影响

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摘要

This study reports atmospheric concentrations of a number of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in homes, offices, and outdoor locations in Birmingham, UK during 2008 and 2009. Concentrations indoors exceed significantly those outdoors, suggesting indoor emissions are driving outdoor contamination. The exception is N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (EtFOSA), for which indoor and outdoor concentrations are statistically indistinguishable, implying other sources for this compound. Concentrations of all PFASs at 10 urban outdoor locations showed little spatial variability (RSD = 53-85%). At 2 urban locations and 1 semi-rural location in England, monthly variations in outdoor concentrations were measured over 1 year and shown to be in line (RSD = 39-110%) with the low spatial variability in Birmingham. This low spatial and temporal variability implies sources at locations monitored are diffuse in nature. Concentrations of N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoethanol (EtFOSE) in outdoor air were significantly higher at one of the Birmingham urban sites than at the semi-rural location. Indoor concentrations of perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) exceeded those of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS). Combined with the fact that PFHxS concentrations in outdoor air in this study exceed substantially those measured in the UK in 2005; this is consistent with the hypothesis that PFHxS use is increasing in response to restrictions on the use of PFOS. Concentrations of PFOS in offices exceed significantly those in homes. Month-to-month variations in concentrations in 4 living rooms and 1 office were measured over a year. Relative standard deviations (RSD) for individual PFASs in these locations were 47-160%, providing information about the uncertainty associated with exposure assessments based on single measurements. The observed variability could not be attributed to changes in room contents, nor to seasonality. Human exposure via inhalation appears a minor pathway.
机译:这项研究报告了英国伯明翰的家庭,办公室和室外场所在2008年至2009年期间的大气中全氟烷基物质(PFAS)的大气浓度。室内的浓度大大超过了室外,这表明室内的排放正在推动室外的污染。 N-乙基全氟辛烷磺酰胺(EtFOSA)例外,其室内和室外浓度在统计学上无法区分,这意味着该化合物的其他来源。 10个城市室外地点的所有PFAS浓度都显示出很小的空间变异性(RSD = 53-85%)。在英格兰的2个城市地点和1个半农村地点,测量了1年内室外浓度的每月变化,并显示出其变化(RSD = 39-110%),而伯明翰的空间变化较小。这种低的空间和时间变异性意味着所监控位置的源头本质上是分散的。伯明翰市区之一的室外空气中N-乙基全氟辛烷磺酰胺基乙醇(EtFOSE)的浓度显着高于半农村地区。室内全氟己烷磺酸盐(PFHxS)的浓度超过了全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)的浓度。结合这项研究,室外空气中的PFHxS浓度大大超过了2005年英国测量的浓度;这与以下假设一致:PFHxS的使用随着对PFOS使用的限制而增加。办公室中全氟辛烷磺酸的浓度大大超过家庭中的浓度。在一年中测量了4个客厅和1个办公室中每个月的浓度变化。这些位置中单个PFAS的相对标准偏差(RSD)为47-160%,可提供与基于单次测量的暴露评估相关的不确定性信息。观察到的变异性不能归因于房间内容的变化,也不归因于季节性。人体通过吸入暴露似乎是次要途径。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environment international》 |2012年第2012期|86-90|共5页
  • 作者

    Emma Goosey; Stuart Harrad;

  • 作者单位

    School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK;

    School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    PFASs; Exposure; Offices; Homes;

    机译:PFAS;接触;办公室;家园;

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