It used to be industry, now the customer is king: how adapting the chemical engineering approach to the needs of process industries in year 2000: market demands versus technological offers?

Jean-Claude Charpentier

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It used to be industry, now the customer is king: how adapting the chemical engineering approach to the needs of process industries in year 2000: market demands versus technological offers?

机译：它曾经是工业，现在的客户才是王道：如何在2000年使化学工程方法适应过程工业的需求：市场需求与技术报价？

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Being a key to survival in global markets including needs and challenges, the evolution of chemical engineering is received and its ability to cope with the problems encountered by chemical and related process industries is appraised. it appears that the necessary progress will come via a pluridisciplinary and multiscale approach, that will allow us to satisfy both the market requirements for specific end-use properties as well as the environmental ans social contraints for the industrial processes.

机译：作为在包括需求和挑战在内的全球市场中生存的关键，化学工程的发展受到了欢迎，并且评估了其应对化学及相关过程工业所遇到的问题的能力。看来，必要的进展将通过多学科和多尺度的方法来实现，这将使我们能够满足特定最终用途性能的市场需求以及工业过程的环境和社会矛盾。

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《Entropie》 |2000年第223期|p.56-66|共11页
作者
Jean-Claude Charpentier;
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正文语种 eng
中图分类热力工程、热机;
关键词
future of chemical engineering; pluridisciplinary and multiscale apprach; the tripletprocessus-produced-processengineering;

机译：化学工程的未来;多学科和多尺度方法;三元组过程生产过程工程;

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1. All systems go for weighing industry: major commercial and technological developments in the weighing industry coupled with a fast-growing demand for services and equipment in the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industries have produced adynamic ma [J] . T. Bowen Bulk Handling International . 1998,第2期

机译：所有系统都适用于称重行业：称重行业的主要商业和技术发展，以及对制药和精细化工行业对服务和设备的快速增长的需求产生了动力
2. King Industries: Bringing innovative specialty chemicals to market for over 70 years [J] . Coatings Magazine Group Coatings Magazine . 2005,第2期

机译：King Industries：将创新的特种化学品推向市场已有70多年的历史
3. CXS chemical dry vacuum pump brings smart vacuum to the process industry: Edwards' next generation CXS pumps meet the industry's growing demands for highly reliable, highly flexible, quiet vacuum on demand [J] . Don Collins Vakuum in Forschung und Praxis . 2012,第5期

机译：CXS化学干式真空泵为流程行业带来了智能真空：Edwards的下一代CXS泵满足了行业对高可靠性，高灵活性，静音真空需求的不断增长的需求
4. SOME TRENDS FOR THE FUTURE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING : MARKET DEMANDS VERSUS TECHNOLOGICAL OFFERS [C] . Jean-Claude Charpentier, Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Italian Conference on Chemical and Process Engineering . 2003

机译：化学工程未来的一些趋势：市场需求与技术优惠
5. A COMPARISON OF MID-MANAGEMENT RETAILING CURRICULA OFFERED BY FOUR YEAR COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS AND THE NEEDS OF THE INDUSTRY, AS PERCEIVED BY SELECTED EXECUTIVES. [D] . RISCH, ERNEST HARRY. 1980

机译：选定的执行人员认为，四年制大学机构和行业需求提供的中级管理零售课程比较。
6. Progress Evaluation for the Restaurant Industry Assessed by a Voluntary Marketing-Mix and Choice-Architecture Framework That Offers Strategies to Nudge American Customers toward Healthy Food Environments 2006–2017 [O] . Vivica Kraak, Tessa Englund, Sarah Misyak, 2017

机译：2006–2017年通过自愿性混合营销和选择架构框架对餐饮业进行的进展评估该框架为美国顾客提供了向健康食品环境发展的策略
7. La banalisation du luxe (Democratization of luxury) Abstract : La plupart des achats pratiqués sont effectués par des clients occasionnels, ce qui a conduit les entreprises à s’adapter par une nouvelle stratégie. En effet, suite à l’intensification de la concurrence et à la concentration du secteur qui engendrent une contrainte de rentabilité immédiate, mais aussi en raison des impératifs nouveaux du marché, les maisons de luxe se voient obligées d’élargir leur offre afin d’ajouter à une clientèle dite traditionnelle une clientèle plus vaste. Dès lors, le secteur du luxe est progressivement passé d’une logique d’offre où seul un nombre restreint de personnes était ciblé, à une politique d’offre où des professionnels du marketing étudient la demande du marché afin d’orienter la production des biens vers un marché de masse. La banalisation est une problématique capitale et décisive car les maisons de luxe doivent préserver leur image de marque tout en élargissant leur clientèle : elles s’efforcent de créer et de pérenniser leurs marques, sans jamais oublier qu’une marque ne peut pas s’associer à n’importe quel objet, sous peine de menacer l’ensemble de ses représentations. Par conséquent, chaque nouveau produit présente un risque pour la gamme toute entière, d’où le risque d’une erreur stratégique par le choix de la banalisation. Le danger est de voir la clientèle aisée se tourner vers d’autres grands noms pratiquant toujours cet esprit d’élitisme qui caractérise le « luxe ». The luxury market is no longer reserved for an elite as its evolution over the last fifteen years clearly indicates. Luxury goods companies have been forced to adapt and resort to new strategies to take into account the fact that most purchases are now made by occasional clients. The keen competition and the on-going concentration in that sector – with the resulting short term profitability constraints - together with the new market conditions, have forced luxury goods companies to broaden their offer so as to add new customers to their traditional base. As a consequence, the luxury market has progressively moved away from an offer-driven logic – targeting a small number of people – in favor of an offer-based policy with marketing professionals studying market demand so as to direct the production of goods towards mass production. The democratization of luxury constitutes a major challenge for those companies which must preserve their image while broadening their customer base: they now strive to create and perpetuate their brand image, without ever forgetting that a brand cannot be associated to just any object, as this might constitute a threat to all its brand representations. Thus every new product constitutes a real threat to the whole range and there is a risk of making a strategic mistake by appealing to the mass market; and there is also a clear danger of seeing affluent customers turn to other great names that still foster this ‘elite spirit’ that characterizes « luxury ». [O] . Eric Vernier, Pierre Ghewy 100

机译：奢侈品的平庸化（奢侈品民主化）摘要：大多数购买都是由休闲客户制作的，这导致公司采用新战略。事实上，随着竞争的加剧和行业的集中导致了盈利的直接制约，而且由于市场的新要求，奢侈品公司被迫扩大其报价以便为所谓的传统客户增加一个更大的客户群。从那时起，奢侈品行业逐渐从以供应为导向的方式转变为只有少数人被定为供应方政策，营销人员正在研究市场需求以指导产品生产。货物进入大众市场。平庸化是一个至关重要且决定性的问题，因为豪宅必须保持其品牌形象，同时扩大其客户群：他们努力创造和延续其品牌，永远不要忘记一个品牌无法联想到在任何威胁他所有陈述的痛苦之下。因此，每个新产品都会带来整个色域的风险，因此通过选择平凡化就会产生战略错误的风险。危险的是看到富有的顾客转向其他仍在实践“豪华”特征的精英主义精神。奢侈品市场不会超过过去15年。奢侈品公司被迫采用新策略来充分利用其客户。由于市场领先的条件，激烈的竞争和该行业的持续集中迫使他们扩大了市场基础。因此，奢侈品市场已经从针对少数人的以报价驱动的逻辑向前发展 - 转而采用基于报价的政策与营销专业人士。对于那些必须在扩大客户群的同时保持形象的公司来说，奢侈品的民主化是一项重大挑战。对其所有品牌代表构成威胁。因此，每一种新产品都会对市场构成威胁，并且有可能通过吸引大众市场来制造战略错误;看到人们涌向那种“奢侈”的精神精神，也存在明显的危险。

It used to be industry, now the customer is king: how adapting the chemical engineering approach to the needs of process industries in year 2000: market demands versus technological offers?

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