Effect of Sr@ZnO nanoparticles and Ricinus communis biodiesel-diesel fuel blends on modified CRDI diesel engine characteristics

摘要

The current study aims to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a modified common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine fueled by Ricinus communis biodiesel (RCME20), diesel (80%), and their blends with strontium-zinc oxide (Sr@ZnO) nanoparticle additives. The Sr@ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous precipitation of zinc acetate dehydrate and strontium nitrate. Several characterization tests were performed to study the morphology and content of synthesized Sr@ZnO nanoparticles. The Sr@ZnO nanoparticles were steadily blended with RCME20-diesel fuel blend in mass fractions of 30, 60 and 90 ppm using a magnetic stirrer and ultrasonication process. For a long term stability of nanoparticles, Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant was added. The physi-cochemical properties of the fuel blends were measured using ASTM standards. The CRDI engine was operated at two compression ratios 17.5 and 19.5, 1000 bar injection pressure, 23.5°BTDC injection timing and constant speed. For enhanced swirl and turbulence, and improved spray quality lateral swirl combustion chamber and 6-hole fuel injector were used. The compression ratio of 19.5 and 60 ppm of Sr@ZnO nano-additives showed overall enhancement in engine characteristics compared to RCME20 fuel. The engine characteristics such as BTE, HRR and cylinder pressure increased by 20.83%, 24.35% and 9.55%, and BSFC, ID, CD, smoke, CO, HC and CO_2 reduced by 20.07%, 20.64%, 14.5%, 27.90%, 47.63%, 26.81%, and 34.9%, while slight increase in NOx for all nanofuel blends was observed.