Fuel consumption potential of different external combustion gas- turbine thermodynamic configurations for extended range electric vehicles

摘要

External combustion gas-turbine (ECGT) systems are among potential multi-fuel energy converters to substitute the internal combustion engine (ICE) as auxiliary power unit (APU) in future extended range hybrid electric vehicle (EREV) powertrains. Fuel consumption of these APUs in EREV strongly relies on the energy converter efficiency and power to weight ratio as well as on the energy management strategy deployed on-board. This paper presents a technological analysis and investigates the potential of fuel consumption savings of an EREV using different ECGT-system thermodynamic configurations. These include a simple ECGT (S-ECGT), a downstream simple ECGT (DS-ECGT), a downstream intercooled ECGT (DS-ECGT) and a downstream intercooled reheat ECGT (DIRe-ECGT). An energetic and technological analysis is conducted to identify the systems' efficiency and power to weight ratio for different operating temperatures. An EREV model is developed and the different ECGT-system configurations are integrated as APUs. A bi-level optimization method is proposed to optimize the powertrain. It consists of coupling the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) to the dynamic programing (DP) in order to minimize the fuel consumption and the number of switching On/Off of the APU, which impacts its durability. Fuel consumption simulations are performed on the worldwide-harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC). Results show that the DIRe-ECGT-APU presents an improved fuel consumption compared to the other investigated ECGT-systems and a good potential for implementation in EREVs. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.