Four trends have changed the way designers approach in-system power management. Traditional 5V-logic supplies have long since given way to 1.8 to 3.3V, making architectures with higher distribution voltages and local power conversion more appealing. Core and I/O circuits commonly operate on different supply voltages, requiring coordination and sequencing of multiple supplies. Load currents, particularly the dynamic components, can reach many tens of amperes for a small circuit area, which increases the requirements for local energy storage and good pc-board layout.
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