Use a TL431 shunt regulator to limit high ac input voltage

摘要

Most isolated, offline SMPSs (switched-mode power supplies), including flyback, forward, and resonant, must operate at input voltages of 90 to 260V rms. Some cases even use line-to-line voltages of 400V rms±10%, leading to increased component-voltage ratings and, thus, increased cost of the overall design. In such cases, it is preferable to use input-limiting circuits, allowing you to increase the input voltage to 440V rms without damaging the power-supply components.