The reluctant dragon

摘要

Towards the end of the 13th century Edward I launched a series of attacks intended to quell the rebellions of Llywe-lyn ap Gruffydd, a tempestuous Welsh prince, and conquer Wales for the English crown. The wars, which littered Wales with hundreds of castles, cost the king around ten times his annual income. His huge debts probably stopped Edward from subjugating Scotland a decade later. Now the Scots are returning the favour they owe the Welsh.