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Hyperdemand: A static traffic model with backward-bending demand curves

机译:HyperDemand:具有后退弯曲需求曲线的静态流量模型

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摘要

Static traffic models, in the tradition of Walters (1961), typically feature a "demand curve" giving the vehicle flow demanded for each unit travel time (inverse speed). Traditionally, the demand curve declines because people want to drive more as travel times fall. This paper proposes that the vehicle flow demanded can, instead, plausibly rise with unit travel time (a phenomenon we call "hyperdemand"), if congestion somehow induces some people to switch from high-to low-occupancy modes. To illustrate, we present a model of travel in an isotropic downtown where people choose among not traveling, a low-occupancy mode called "Alone" and a high-occupancy mode called "Pool." Pool trips detour to pick up and drop off passengers en route, so congestion delays them more than Alone trips. Consequently, multiple equilibria can arise even in "light congestion," and small toll increases can have dramatic impacts by eliminating equilibria.
机译:在沃尔特斯(1961)的传统中,静态流量模型通常具有“需求曲线”,使每个单位行程时间(逆速度)所需的车辆流量。传统上,需求曲线下降,因为人们想要开车更多,因为旅行时间下降。本文提出了所需的车辆流量,而是用单位旅行时间(我们称之为“HyperDemand的现象”),如果拥塞某些人会从高到低占用模式切换。为了说明,我们展示了一个各向同性市中心的旅行模型,人们在不旅行中选择,一个名为“单独”的低占用模式和称为“池”的高占用模式。游泳池旅行绕道绕道而行,途中乘坐乘客,所以拥堵延迟了他们的旅行。因此,即使在“光充血”中,也可以出现多个均衡,并且通过消除均衡可以产生巨大的影响。

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