Industrial ecosystem in the Finnish Forest industry: using the material and energy flow model of a forest ecosystem in a forest industry system

摘要

Industrial Ecology is an industrial environmental management concept with an analogy in the natural ecosystem. In an ecosystem, materials are recycled between organisms, and energy is embedded in the matter of the food chain, While the only external input to the system as a Whole is the solar energy. An Industrial Ecosystem is a system where The industrial actors use this natural recycling model an co-operate by using each other's waste material and waste Energy flows to minimize the system virgin material and energy input as well as the waste and emission output from The system as a whole.