Pediatric pain: is it finally getting better?

摘要

In this issue of Minerva Anestesiologica,1 L?nnqvist evaluates the advances in pediatric pain medicine from our understanding of pain (fetus into adulthood), drug choices, and availability of treatment options since the First World Congress on Pediatric Pain of 1988. To be sure, as an attendee of this Congress, and a key member of the European Society for Pediatric Anesthesia (ESPA) Pain Ladder Initiative, Professor L?nnqvist is ideally suited to review this topic.