Efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis: Retraction

摘要

Radiofrequency catheterablation (RFCA) isatreatment option forany cardiacarrhythmia. Despitetheacutesuccess ofRFCAofarrhythmogenic foci, recurrences ofarrhythmiasafterablation arecommon,especially in atrialfibrillation (AF) [1]and ventriculararrhythmia. [2] Therecurrencerate ofAF afterasingle procedure has been reported to be 15%to 60?ter 1 year. [3] Recurrencesare usually dueto pulmonary vein reconnection in AF [4,5]and inadequately ablated ventriculararrhythmiasubstrate. [2] This inability to achieve durablelesions remains one ofthe greatestchallenges inRFCAforarrhythmias. Lesion formation using radiofrequency energy (RF),current depends on several parameters such as power,contact force(CF) between thecatheter tip and tissue, duration ofenergy delivery, temperature, tip size,and tip orientation. [6] Severalstudies reported that CF wasa key factor to effectivelesion formation. [7,8] Anoveltechnology has recently been availableto measurethe CF between thecatheter tip and thetargetmyocardiumusing a uniquesensor. [9] To characterizetheeffect ofCF applied over time, the Carto 3 System(Biosense Webster Inc., CA, USA)automatically detects the beginning and end ofRF current delivery and calculates theforce(grams)–time(seconds) integral(FTI; unit, g·s), defined as thetotalCF integrated over the duration ofRF current delivery. [8] FTIconsists oftwo factors:CF and duration ofenergy delivery. Furthermore, someinvestigators have been developing theforce(grams)–power (watts)–time(seconds) index (FPTI; unit, g·W·s), which considers the delivered energy,and attempting to apply it to clinical practice. [10] This study isa qualitativestudy,aimed to investigate which factor is morecriticalforadequatelesion formation betweenCF and duration ofenergy delivery and which is moreefficient for FTIand FPTI to predict lesion formation and steampop.