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Groundwater Storage Trends and Their Link to Farmer Suicides in Maharashtra State, India

机译:印度马哈拉施特拉邦州农民自杀的地下水储存趋势及其联系

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Threats posed by land degradation and desertification continue to destabilize India's agriculture productivity and food security. The enduring negative environmental consequences of the agricultural intensification that started during the 1960s have further contributed to the depletion of soil nutrients in farmlands through heavy input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. More than half of India's population depends on farming. When crop productivity fails, the economically-depressed farmers are unfortunately pushed toward suicide. The news of farmers committing mass suicide in Maharashtra state of India has lately received world attention. Although suicide may involve various psychological, social and economic factors, access to irrigation water remains a contentious matter in the agriculture business. The groundwater (GW) data from government sources are limited and not displayed in the public domain for verification. Hence, this study used the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data to compare farmer suicide rate in Maharashtra with GW storage estimates at broad spatiotemporal scales. The results show significant correlations ( r = ?0.85, p 0.005) between water storage and suicide rate when time lags of 2 years are introduced between them. Based on the new findings, this study recommends that the GW status needs to be monitored scientifically across India's suicide zone. By doing so, the worst case scenarios can be logically predicted well in advance. The government then may have the advantage to mobilize its resources on the ground to implement rapid emergency measures and farmer consultations to minimize future farmer suicide cases.
机译:土地退化和荒漠化构成的威胁继续稳定印度的农业生产力和粮食安全。在20世纪60年代开始的农业强化的持久负面环境后果进一步促进了通过化肥和杀虫剂的大量投入来耗尽农田的土壤养分。超过一半的印度人口取决于农业。当作物生产力失败时,不幸的是,经济抑制的农民被推到自杀。在印度马哈拉施特地区犯下大规模自杀的农民新闻最近受到了世界的关注。虽然自杀可能涉及各种心理,社会和经济因素,但灌溉水的获取仍然是农业业务的争议事项。来自政府来源的地下水(GW)数据有限,并未在公共领域展示核查。因此,本研究使用了重力恢复和气候实验(Grace)卫星数据,以比较Maharashtra的农民自杀率,GW储存估计在广泛的时空秤。当在它们之间介绍2年的时间滞后时,结果显示出在水储存和自杀率之间的显着相关性(r = 0.85,p <0.005)。基于新发现,本研究建议您需要在印度的自杀区中科学监控GW状态。通过这样做,最坏的情况可以提前预测。然后,政府可能有利于动员其资源,以实施快速应急措施和农民磋商,以尽量减少未来的农民自杀案件。

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