INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES ON ANTI KNOCK AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES OF GASOLINE AND THEIR MECHANISM OF ACTION

摘要

This article discusses the results of a study of additives that improve the anti-knock properties of automobile gasoline.The most effective and cost-effective way to increase the detonation resistance of gasoline is the introduction of anti-knock additives-anti-detonators.The principle of operation of anti-detonators is to prevent explosive decomposition of the products of pre-combustion oxidation of fuel.In the process of oxidation of extreme hydrocarbons at high temperatures, organic hydroperoxides are obtained as intermediate products.The mechanism of action of hydroperoxide should be explained by analogy with the mechanism of action of tetraethyl lead.Under the action of high temperature on hydrocarbons, free radicals are formed, which attach molecular oxygen; a new radical and a hydroperoxide molecule are formed.The article also provides specific results of research on the influence of monomethylaniline (MMA) and methanol additives on the performance properties of AI-92 base gasoline and thermocatalytic process gasoline.It is shown that without changing the component composition of the gasoline fraction of the processes of catalytic cracking and catalytic reforming; their performance properties can be improved.The additive used with additives based on aromatic amine (MMA) in an amount of 0.5-2.5% vol.they have a high octane increasing effect, while the increase in the octane number by the motor method was on average within 2.2-2.5 units and by the research method up to 4.5.Using MMA in the amount of 0.5-2.5% vol.in the base gasoline AI-92, the octane number increases in the limits of1, 7-4, 6 points, by the research method, and by the motor method 0.5-2.5.At the same time, the environmental properties of commercial automobile gasoline are improved.