A Critical and Systematic Review of Lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis): A Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) That Affects Negatively Agricultural Activities Across the World

摘要

The objective of the study is to carry out a critical and systematic review of Lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) as one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTD) that affects negatively agricultural activities in the world. It is also to remind people of existence of the disease, create awareness for its prevention and elimination. This effort could go a long way to averting unnecessary suffering, save production work force and aid in poverty alleviation in the tropics. Lymphatic filariasis happens when infested mosquito bites humans to transmit filarial parasites. The parasites cause blockages in the lymphatic system that stops or inhibits the return of fluids to the circulatory system. This results in fluid accumulation in the tissues (legs, hands (arms), breast and scrotums), causing swellings and periodic fevers with frequent fungal and bacterial infections. Lymphatic filariasis is one of the leading causes of permanent and long-term disability in tropical countries of the world. It affects all classes of people irrespective of age, gender, race, educational and economic status. This disease reduces the production capacities of infected individuals especially in the area of agro-allied businesses worldwide. The time and resources wasted for the treatment and management of the infection affect food production negatively. There are about 1.1 billion people in 80 countries at risk of contracting this disease while 120 million people are infected globally. The disease is a serious life threatening with negative consequence on drivers of the economy. The patients are not only physically disabled, but also suffer psychological, social and financial crisis in addition to trauma from stigma and poverty. It is worthy to note that, the local cure of Lymphatic filariasis has been found and now available at Kwargashe Village, Lala District, Gombi Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria.