Anesthetic Management of a Super Morbidly Obese Obstetric Patient With a Body Mass Index of 109 kg/m2 Presenting for Her Fourth Caesarean Delivery

摘要

Morbidly obese obstetric patients undergoing anesthesia present many unique challenges. Previous caesarean sections (CSs) further complicate their management. We present the successful anesthetic management of a super morbidly obese obstetric patient with body mass index (BMI) of 109 kg/msup2/sup who underwent her fourth CS. As per our review, this patient has the highest recorded BMI in the obstetric anesthesia literature. A 27-year-old female, G4P3003, presented for fourth repeat CS at 38 weeks’ gestation. She had obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and type 2 diabetes. Her first CS was emergent under general anesthesia (GA), and the other two were performed under neuraxial anesthesia, with the most recent one complicated by intraoperative cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Preoperative preparation involved multidisciplinary preparation, planning, and risk stratification. Although neuraxial anesthesia is preferred over GA for CS, she refused neuraxial anesthesia due to her prior traumatic experience and the potential that it caused her prior cardiac arrest. In addition, her inability to position for a block or lay flat, poor anatomical landmarks, unknown length of surgery, plan for periumbilical incision, uncertain placental status, and risk of massive hemorrhage convinced us to consider GA. Surprisingly, her airway examination was reassuring. Two 18G peripheral intravenous lines and an arterial line were obtained prior to induction. With optimum patient positioning and preoxygenation, modified rapid sequence induction with mask ventilation and endotracheal intubation with direct laryngoscopy were performed. A healthy baby was delivered without significant intraoperative complications. Intraoperative lung-protective strategy with recruitment maneuvers, multimodal analgesia, and elective postoperative continuous positive airway pressure aided in successful extubation. Postoperatively, pulmonary toilet, early mobilization, physical therapy, and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis were employed. Her postoperative course was complicated by severe preeclampsia and pulmonary embolism, which were managed successfully in the intensive care unit. She was discharged initially to outpatient rehabilitation followed by home. This case highlights the complexities and significance of an individualized approach in managing super morbidly obese obstetric patients.