Since the malaria elimination program was launched in China in 2010, the number of local infections has declined from 4,262 in 2010 to none in 2017, indicating remarkable achievements for prevention and treatment (Zhang et al. 2018). Shandong Province is a malaria-endemic area, and vivax malaria is prevalent throughout the province. In 2010, Shandong Province launched the Action Plan to Eliminate Malaria with the implementation of preventative and control measures. Specifically, the “1-3-7” strategy is a simplified set of targets that delineates responsibilities and actions with the following indicators: 1 = case reporting within one day; 3 = case investigation within three days; and 7 = focused investigation and response within seven days. The implementation of the precise management of malaria cases, vector control (indoor residual spraying), and more intensive reactive case detection in each epidemic site caused local cases to decline rapidly. As of 2018 (data from 2018 were not yet published), no local infection cases had been reported in the previous seven consecutive years, indicating that the goal of eliminating malaria had been achieved. However, in recent years, the number of imported malaria cases in Shandong Province has increased substantially, ranking Shandong Province among the highest for malaria cases in China (Feng et al. 2014, Zhang et al. 2017).
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