Carbohydrate supplements are widely used by athletes as an ergogenic aid before and during sports events. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at synthesizing all available data from randomized controlled trials performed under real-life conditions. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched systematically up to February 2015. Study groups were categorized according to test mode and type of performance measurement. Subgroup analyses were done with reference to exercise duration and range of carbohydrate concentration. Random effects and fixed effect meta-analyses were performed using the Software package by the Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager 5.3. Twenty-four randomized controlled trials met the objectives and were included in the present systematic review, 16 of which provided data for meta-analyses. Carbohydrate supplementations were associated with a significantly shorter exercise time in groups performing submaximal exercise followed by a time trial [mean difference -0.9?min (95?% confidence interval -1.7, -0.2), p?=?0.02] as compared to controls. Subgroup analysis showed that improvements were specific for studies administering a concentration of carbohydrates between 6 and 8?% [mean difference -1.0?min (95?% confidence interval -1.9, -0.0), p?=?0.04]. Concerning groups with submaximal exercise followed by a time trial measuring power accomplished within a fixed time or distance, mean power output was significantly higher following carbohydrate load (mean difference 20.2?W (95?% confidence interval 9.0, 31.5), p?=?0.0004]. Likewise, mean power output was significantly increased following carbohydrate intervention in groups with time trial measuring power within a fixed time or distance (mean difference 8.1?W (95?% confidence interval 0.5, 15.7) p?=?0.04]. Due to the limitations of this systematic review, results can only be applied to a subset of athletes (trained male cyclists). For those, we could observe a potential ergogenic benefit of carbohydrate supplementation especially in a concentration range between 6 and 8?% when exercising longer than 90?min.
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机译：运动员在体育赛事之前和期间，运动员被广泛使用碳水化合物补充剂。目前的系统审查和荟萃分析旨在合成来自在现实生活条件下进行的随机对照试验的所有可用数据。系统的Medline，Embase和Cochrane Central of受控试验中央登记册在系统上达到2015年2月。研究组根据测试模式和性能测量类型进行分类。参考锻炼持续时间和碳水化合物浓度范围进行亚组分析。使用Cochrane协作审查经理5.3使用软件包进行随机效果和固定效果元分析。二十四次随机对照试验符合目的，并包括在本系统审查中，其中16个提供了荟萃分析的数据。碳水化合物补充与在执行潜水运动的组中具有显着较短的运动时间，然后进行时间试验[平均差异-0.9？min（95？％置信区间-1.7，-0.2），p？= 0.02]与对照相比。亚组分析表明，改进是针对施用6至8〜8℃的碳水化合物浓度的研究特异性[平均差异-1.0≤1.1.0〜0.1.9，-0.0），p？= 0.04]。关于具有潜水运动的组，随后在固定时间或距离内完成的时间试验功率，碳水化合物载荷的平均功率输出显着高（平均差20.2°W（95〜％置信区间9.0,31.5），P？=？ 0.0004]同样地，在固定时间或距离内的时间试验功率的碳水化合物干预后，平均功率输出显着增加（平均差8.1°W（95倍置信区间0.5,15.7）p？= 0.04]。由于该系统审查的局限性，结果只能应用于运动员的一部分（训练有素的男性骑自行车者）。对于那些，我们可以观察到碳水化合物补充的潜在的渊源益处，特别是在6到8岁之间的浓度范围内锻炼超过90？分钟。
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