There are various risk factors in the application of BIM. The reasonable management of risk factors can avoid unnecessary cost losses. Based on a large amount of literature, the article combed out the 17 risk factors that existed in the operation and maintenance phase, and revised it through expert interview method, and then obtained 11 risk factors. Semi-structured interviews were used to investigate the relationship between risk factors, and established Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) to analyze the hierarchical relationship of risk factors, and got two surface risk factors, five middle risk factors, and four deep risk factors. Finally, relevant improvement suggestions are put forward to eliminate or reduce the risk of using BIM in the operation and maintenance phase.
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