Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and the second cause of mortality in women all around the world. It is caused by several factors including genetic determinants, so that both genetic susceptibility factors and environmental factors are involved in the etiology. Significance of genes functioning in steroid hormone synthesis and metabolism are well established in breast cancer susceptibility. Polymorphisms of genes encoding enzymes involved in estrogen biosynthesis pathway and in the metabolic activation of pro-carcinogens to genotoxic intermediates, such as cytochrome P450C17α (CYP17) was closely examined in this women-based case control study of Iraqi women aged range (27–91). The associations between selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP17 gene and breast cancer for 105 women with breast cancer and 120disease- free controls were evaluated. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique was used with MspA1 digested enzyme for the PCR products. There was no significant C→T (rs743572) CYP17 associated with breast cancer in the Iraqi women studied.
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