Introduction: Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is the second most common form of anemia after iron deficiency anemia. This type of anemia occurs in cases of chronic infections, inflammatory conditions, or neoplastic disorders and even in presence of enough iron and required vitamins. Some previous studies have suggested that periodontitis, as a chronic disease, is likely to be associated with this type of anemia. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on improvement of blood parameters. Methods: This study was performed on 36 male patients with chronic moderate or severe periodontitis (divided into case and control groups) and 18 men with healthy periodontium. Blood samples such as hematocrit, hemoglobin, MCH, MCHC, MCV and Ferritin were collected from participants. Then periodontal treatment was started for case group. Results: In the case group, there was a significant increase in hematocrit, hemoglobin, MCH, MCHC and MCV after 8 weeks of treatment and there was no significant decrease of Ferritin. No significant differences in blood parameters were observed in periodontally healthy and control groups. Conclusion: According to significant differences in some mentioned blood parameters after non-surgical treatment, it seems that periodontal assessment and subsequent therapy can be recommendable as an adjunctive part in overall treatment plan of anemic patients .
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