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Influence of Rising Sea Levels on Venetian Tourism and Culture- Caroline Hogan- Berkshire School

机译:海平面上升对威尼斯旅游文化与文化 - 卡罗琳霍根 - 伯克郡学校的影响

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Venice has been sinking for centuries, and as sea levels have risen exponentially, the sinking city has drawn more attention. The damages to infrastructure are focused on in the news, but the cultural damage of this sea level rise is often overlooked. The sudden increase in the rising sea level has led to an increase in tourism as tourists endeavor to visit Venice before significant physical damages to infrastructure occur. Additionally, this influx of tourists and the economic benefits that arise from tourism, along with the limited residential spaces available on the island have resulted in foreign (often temporary) residents supplanting native Venetians. While the benefits of tourism provide immediate economic resources for the city of Venice, ultimately tourism has resulted in an inauthentic Venetian culture that appears to be more performative rather than genuine. In this paper, I argue that while the damages to Venetian infrastructure are important, the intangible damage rising sea levels have had on the Venetian population must be considered to fully understand and solve the problems faced by the city.Worldwide mean ocean level has ascended around 8–9 inches (21–24 centimeters) since 1880, with about 33% of that coming in the last over twenty years. The rising water level is generally because of a blend of meltwater from glacial masses and ice sheets and warm extension of seawater as it warms. In 2019, worldwide mean ocean level was 3.4 inches (87.6 millimeters) over the 1993 normal—the most noteworthy yearly normal in the satellite record (1993-present). From 2018 to 2019, worldwide ocean level rose 0.24 inches.The worldwide mean water level in the sea rose by 0.14 inches (3.6 millimeters) every year from 2006–2015, which was 2.5 occasions the normal pace of 0.06 inches (1.4 millimeters) every year all through a large portion of the 20th century. Before the century's over, worldwide mean ocean level is probably going to ascend at any rate one foot (0.3 meters) over 2000 levels, regardless of whether ozone depleting substance outflows follow a generally low pathway in coming many years.In some sea bowls, ocean level has ascended as much as 6-8 inches (15-20 centimeters) since the beginning of the satellite record. Local contrasts exist due to common inconstancy in the strength of winds and sea flows, which impact how a lot and where the more profound layers of the sea store heat.To discover the wellspring of this danger it is important to zero in on a worldwide temperature alteration brought about by environmental change, which causes ocean level ascent in three unique manners: The first is the warm extension: water, when warmed by temperature rise, will in general extend, ie, seas occupy more room.Ocean level ascent causesAlso, the dissolving of the frosted domains of Greenland and West Antarctica quickens a worldwide temperature alteration. This cycle is adversely impacted by freshwater leakage from the surface, which goes about as a grease for the ice streams and causes them to slide quicker. That is, new sifted water to the base of the ice sheets liquefy, debilitate and slide them into the ocean.At long last, in a comparative kind of cycle, enormous arrangements of ice in ice sheets and ice covers liquefy and won't then re-visitation of its unique shape. Typically these colossal frozen constructions incompletely disintegrated throughout the late spring, yet recuperated its strong state when winter temperatures returned. Presently, in light of a worldwide temperature alteration, the snowfall is gentler, winters deferral and springs envision, so ice doesn't reattach in a similar way and sum.What's making ocean level ascent?An Earth-wide temperature boost is making worldwide mean ocean level ascent twoly. To begin with, ice sheets and ice sheets overall are softening and adding water to the sea. Second, the volume of the sea is growing as the water warms. A third, a lot more modest supporter of ocean level ascent is a decrease in the measure of fluid water ashore—springs, lakes and supplies, streams, soil dampness. This move of fluid water from land to sea is generally due to groundwater siphoning.
机译:威尼斯几个世纪以来一直在沉没,随着海平面呈指数增长,沉没的城市更受关注。对基础设施的损害在新闻中侧重于新闻,但这种海平面上升的文化损害往往被忽视。海平面上升的突然增加导致旅游增加,因为游客在发生重大对基础设施的损害之前访问威尼斯。此外,这种游客涌入和来自旅游产生的经济效益以及岛上可用的有限住宅空间,导致外国(通常是临时)居民占原生威尼斯人。虽然旅游业的好处为威尼斯市提供了直接的经济资源,但最终旅游导致了威尼斯文化,似乎更加表演而不是真实的。在本文中,我认为,虽然对威尼斯基础设施的损害很重要,但海平面上升的无形损伤必须考虑充分了解并解决城市面临的问题。世界意味着海平面上升自1880年以来为8-9英寸(21-24厘米),其中约有33%在过去二十年中。上升水位通常是由于冰川块和冰块的熔融水和温暖的海水延伸。 2019年,全球平均海洋一级是1993年的海洋一级,在1993年正常 - 卫星纪录(1993年至今)中最受欢迎的每年正常。从2018年到2019年,全球海洋一级上涨0.24英寸。从2006 - 2015年,全球平均水位每年升至0.14英寸(3.6毫米),每年是2.5场速度为0.06英寸(1.4毫米)一年通过20世纪的一大部分。在世纪过度之前,全球意味着海平面可能会在2000多脚(0.3米)的任何速度上升,无论臭氧消耗物质外流如何在多年来一般低的途径遵循一般低的途径。一些海碗,海洋自卫星记录开始以来,水平已升至6-8英寸(15-20厘米)。由于风和海流强度的常见不全,影响了局部对比,这影响了海洋储存更为深厚的层次和地点的普遍存在。发现这种危险的井展,在全球温度下为零是重要的环境变化带来的改变,导致海拔三个独特的方式:第一个是温暖的延伸:水,当温暖的温度上升时,将一般延伸,即海洋占据更多的房间。海上级升级的升降机溶解格陵兰和西南极洲的磨砂域加速全球温度变化。该循环因表面淡水泄漏而受到不利影响,这涉及冰流的润滑脂,并使它们更快地滑动。也就是说,新的筛分水填充了冰盖的底座,使其变得脱落进入大洋。最后,在比较种类的循环中,冰盖和冰盖的巨大安排液体液化,然后不会重新访问其独特形状。通常,这些巨大的冷冻结构在整个晚春天不完全崩解,当冬季气温返回时,它的强烈状态却恢复了强状态。目前,鉴于全球温度改变,降雪是温和的,冬天的延迟和春天的设想,所以冰并不像类似的方式和总和。在全世界的地球温度升压是越来越多的海平面上升扭曲。首先,整体冰盖和冰盖正在软化和加入海上。其次,随着水的温暖,海的体积增长。第三,海洋水平上升的许多适度支持者是流体水岸上,湖泊和用品,溪流,土壤湿度的衡量标准的减少。从陆地到海上的流体水的移动通常是由于地下水虹吸脉。

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