...
首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems >Ice Particle Properties Inferred From Aggregation Modelling
【24h】

Ice Particle Properties Inferred From Aggregation Modelling

机译:冰颗粒特性从聚合建模推断

获取原文
   

获取外文期刊封面封底 >>

       

摘要

We generated a large number 105,000 of aggregates composed of various monomer types and sizes using an aggregation model. Combined with hydrodynamic theory, we derived ice particle properties such as mass, projected area, and terminal velocity as a function of monomer number and size. This particle ensemble allows us to study the relation of particle properties with a high level of detail which is often not provided by in situ measurements. The ice particle properties change rather smoothly with monomer number. We find very little differences in all particle properties between monomers and aggregates at sizes below 1?mm which is in contrast to many microphysics schemes. The impact of the monomer type on the particle properties decreases with increasing monomer number. Whether, for example, the terminal velocity of an aggregate is larger or smaller than an equal‐size monomer depends mostly on the monomer type. We fitted commonly used power laws as well as Atlas‐type relations, which represent the saturation of the terminal velocity at large sizes (terminal velocity asymptotically approaching a limiting value) to the data set and tested the impact of incorporating different levels of complexity with idealized simulations using a 1D Lagrangian super particle model. These simulations indicate that it is sufficient to represent the monomer number dependency of ice particle properties with only two categories (monomers and aggregates). The incorporation of the saturation velocity at larger sizes is found to be important to avoid an overestimation of self‐aggregation of larger snowflakes. Plain Language Summary We have simulated and analyzed the properties, such as mass, area, and terminal fall velocity of snowflakes using a computer model. The snowflakes in the atmosphere form by collisions of ice crystals present in many different shapes. In the computer model, ice crystal shapes typically found in the atmosphere are stuck together to create three‐dimensional snowflakes. The properties of the snowflakes depend on the shape and the number of ice crystals that are stuck together. While in weather and climate models, the properties of ice crystals and snowflakes are often assumed to be very different even if they are of the same size, we find very little differences in their properties. Many weather and climate models assume that snowflakes have a higher fall velocity the larger they are, although field observations have shown that particles larger than a few millimeters all fall with similar velocity. We fitted new parameterizations of the particle velocities which can remove this deficiency in the models. Finally, we used another model and showed that it might be sufficient to divide the properties of the ice particles in only two categories. However, it is important to consider the almost constant velocity of the large snowflakes.
机译:我们使用聚合模型产生由各种单体类型和大小组成的大量105,000个聚集体。结合流体动力学理论,我们衍生冰颗粒性质,例如质量,投影区域和末端速度,作为单体数量和尺寸的函数。该粒子集合可以允许我们研究具有高水平细节的颗粒性能的关系,该细节通常不是通过原位测量提供的。冰颗粒性能随着单体数而变化。我们发现单体之间的所有颗粒特性的差异很小,并且在1×mm的尺寸下聚集的聚集体,其与许多微型药物方案相反。单体型对颗粒性能的影响随着单体数的增加而降低。例如,聚集体的末端速度大于相等尺寸的单体主要取决于单体类型。我们拟合常用的动力法以及图拉型关系,它代表了大尺寸的终端速度(终端速度渐近值,限制值的终端速度接近限制值),并测试了不同水平与理想化的影响使用1D拉格朗日超级粒子模型模拟。这些模拟表明,仅用两类(单体和聚集体)表示冰颗粒性质的单体数量依赖性就足够了。发现以较大尺寸的饱和速度纳入饱和速度是重要的,以避免高估较大的雪花的自我聚集。简单语言摘要我们已经模拟和分析了使用计算机模型的雪花的群众,面积和终端落速等性质。大气中的雪花形成了许多不同形状的冰晶碰撞。在计算机型号中,通常在大气中发现的冰晶形状被粘在一起以创造三维雪花。雪花的性质取决于粘在一起的形状和冰晶的数量。虽然在天气和气候模型中,即使它们的大小相同,通常认为冰晶和雪花的性质通常是截然不同的,我们发现它们的性质差异很小。许多天气和气候模型假设雪花的速度较高,虽然现场观察结果表明,颗粒大于几毫米的颗粒均具有相似的速度。我们拟合了粒子速度的新参数,可以消除模型中的这种缺陷。最后,我们使用了另一个模型,并显示出仅在两个类别中划分冰粒子的性质。但是,重要的是考虑大雪花的几乎恒定的速度。

著录项

获取原文

客服邮箱:kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备:11010802029741号 ICP备案号:京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有
  • 客服微信

  • 服务号