Protective effect of Carica papaya leaf extract against mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity in wistar rats

摘要

Introduction: Chronic kidney diseaseis the progressiveloss ofrenalfunction, measured by creatinine, ureaand proteinurialevels. Literatures showthat renal damages can beameliorated naturally bymedicinal plants, onesuch plant is Carica papaya . Fresh leaves ofC. papaya werecollected, powdered,and extracted with ethanol to formethanolicextract ofC. papaya leaves (ECP). AimandObjectives: Theaimand objective ofthis study areto assess theremedialimplications ofethanolic ECP leaves onmercuricchloride(HgCl2 )-induced nephrotoxicity in female Wistar rats. The objectives ofthis studywereto assess theeffectiveness oftwo different oral doses ofECP using immunohistochemistry, histopathology,and serumbiomarkers such as kidney injurymolecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,and semaphorin 3A. Materials andMethods: Therats were divided into five groups (n = 6):Control(Physiologicalsaline, 2 ml/kg b. w), Negativecontrol(HgCl2 , 2.5 mg/kg b. w), Positivecontrol(N-acetylcysteine[NAC] 180 mg/kg b. w HgCl2 , 2.5 mg/kg b. w), Experimental group (C. papaya leaves, 300 and 600 mg/kg b. w HgCl2 , 2.5 mg/kg b. w) for 28 days orally through gavage. Collection of blood and renaltissue was doneto determinetheserumbiomarkers, immunohistochemistry, and histopathology. Results: Pretreatment with 300 mg and 600 mg doses ofECP had protectiveeffects slightly lower thanNAC and equalto that ofNAC on HgCl2 -induced nephrotoxicity, respectively. Statisticalanalysis was performed using the one-way analysis of variance using SPSS version 17.0 with astatistical significancelevel ofP 0.001. Such pretreatment ofC. papaya leaves, modified thefollowing; (a) levels ofserummarkerenzymes (b) histopathologicalchanges,and (c) immunohistochemistry expression caused byHgCl2 . Conclusion: ECP playsa very significant rolein the management of nephrotoxicity induced byHgCl2with equivalent to NAC.