Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a widely used source of stem cellsin therapies of malignant and nonmalignant hematologic diseasesand metabolic disorders. However, UCB grafts are limited by lownumber of stem cells, which is associated with delayed hematopoieticand immunologic recovery. Intra-bone marrow (IBM)injection has been proposed as a strategy to bypass homing inefficienciesassociated with intravenous hematopoietic stem cell(HSC) transplantation, thus increasing the number of HSCs thatengraft. Despite physical delivery into the bone marrow cavity,many donor cells are rapidly redistributed by vascular perfusion,thus potentially compromising the efficacy of this approach.
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