Lesional diagnostic approach of common dermatoses in children at the University Clinics of Kinshasa – Democratic Republic of Congo

摘要

Background: Several authors approach epidemiological studies on dermatoses using an etiological diagnostic approach;the Willaniste school being mostly reserved for learners of dermatology and/or non-dermatologist doctors. Theobjective of this study is to determine the profile of dermatoses in children using exclusively the type of elementarylesion. Material and methods: In a retrospective, analytical and descriptive study, the data of children with dermatosesfollowed in the Dermatology Service of the University Clinics of Kinshasa between June 1, 2009 and December 31,were collected. The parameters of interest included epidemiological and clinical characteristics. Results: The hospitalfrequency of dermatoses in children (DC) according to the lesional diagnostic approach is 40.89% (818/1994). Theirmedian age was 60 months (QEI 60-65.9) with a female predominance (55.7%, sex ratio of 1.25/1). There were moreinfants (30.6%). DC predominated in the dry season (54%). The entangled (21.02%) and vesicular (20.29%) lesionaltypes were the most numerous, with ringworm of the scalp (31.9%) and atopic dermatitis (54.2%) respectively. Thepapular, erythematous, tumor and entangled lesion types were related to sex and age; pustular and tumor exclusivelyrelated to the season, in a statistically significant way (p ? 0.05). Taken as a whole, the most frequent dermatoseswere atopic dermatitis (11%), prurigo strophulus (10.8%), impetigo (7.4%), Tinea capitis (6.7%) and scabiosis (6.4%).Conclusion: The importance of this work lies in the interest of taking into account the two approaches, lesionaland etiological of dermatoses, for their global management and research studies. Indeed, the lesional approach, alsoimportant in the study of dermatoses, appears to our knowledge to be poor in references in the literature.