Primary chronic osteomyelitis (PCO) is a rare condition that usually affects the mandible. Although most often occurring isolated, it can be part of various systemic and cutaneous syndromes. Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is an autoimmune disease that can co-exist with osteomyelitis, but has only been reported once in conjunction with PCO of the mandible. We present a case of a 27-year old female with PCO of the mandible which was found to have co-existing TAK. Doctors treating patients with PCO should be aware of the associated diseases and actively seek out their signs and symptoms.
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