The term culture industry was first used by Adorno and Horkheimer (2002)in order to describe the mass production of cultural goods such as films,music, radio programs, and so on with an emphasis on the deterioration ofthe philosophical role of culture. Nevertheless, the scope and the usage of theterm has evolved over time, and nowadays it covers all creative and mediaindustries with a diversified focus. In this context, the concept of cultureor creative cluster has also become an attractive approach in the literature,and consequently, a policy tool. Employment of certain measures such asconcentration indexes (particularly LQ-Location Quotient) are widespread inthe literature for the identification of the clusters (Boix et al., 2015). However,many central conceptual and theoretical questions are still unansweredregarding the extent and evolution of the clusters concerned.
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