Background: Some mothers of preterm infants suffer from difficulties in initiating and maintaining adequate milk production. This study was designed to investigate the milk production in mothers of preterm infants using hospital-grade breast pumps and to study the nutrient content of their milk. Methods: This was an observational prospective study. Mothers of preterm infants with gestational age 32 weeks or birth weight 1500 g who were admitted to our hospital from August 2016 to December 2017 were recruited. A pumping diary and a questionnaire were completed by mothers (n = 30). Milk samples from before, during, and after each pumping session on days 7 and 14 postpartum were analyzed. Results: The median time to onset of lactogenesis II was 75.4 h. Mean milk output increased gradually, meeting key thresholds of 350g/d on day 6, 500 g/d on day 8, and close to 750 g/d on day 14. Then, all mean milk outputs were over 750 g/d. The mean milk output exceeded the mean feeding volume on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42. Mothers using hospital-grade breast pumps had more cumulative milk production compared with mothers using hand expression. The milk yield on days 7 and 14 were positively correlated to that on days 21, 28, 35 and 42. Milk outputs on days 7, 14, and 42 of mothers with a pumping frequency of ≥ 6 times/d were greater than mothers with a pumping frequency of 6 times/d. Threshold values for milk output on day 7 (cut-off, 406.8 g/d; sensitivity, 68.2%; specificity, 100%) and day 14 (cut-off, 518.0 g/d; sensitivity, 81.8%; specificity, 100%) were identified as predicting a milk output of more than 750 g/d on day 42. Fat and energy levels were higher in hind-milk than fore- or mixed-milk on days 7 and 14. Those who pumped ≥ 6 times/d had higher levels of fat, carbohydrate, and energy in their milk on day 7. Conclusion: Most preterm infants' mothers using a hospital-grade pump with a pumping frequency of ≥ 6 times/d can reach full lactation successfully. Nutrient analysis of the human milk should be performed.
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机译：背景：早产儿的一些母亲在启动和维持足够的牛奶生产方面遭受困难。本研究旨在使用医院级乳房泵研究早产儿母乳的牛奶生产，并研究牛奶的营养含量。方法：这是一项观察前瞻性研究。招募了早产儿的母亲<早期婴儿<32周或出生的重量<1500克从2016年8月到2017年到12月被院入院的1500克。母亲（n = 30）完成了泵送日记和问卷。分析了前，期间和之后的牛奶样品在第7天和第14天产后的每次泵送期间。结果：生成态生物发生的中值时间II为75.4小时。平均牛奶输出逐渐增加，第6天，500 g / d的350g / d的关键阈值，并在第14天接近750 g / d。然后，所有平均牛奶输出超过750 g / d。平均牛奶产量超过了第7天，14,21,21,25,35和42的平均喂养量。使用医院级乳房泵的母亲与使用手表达的母亲相比具有更多的累积牛奶生产。第7天和第14天的牛奶产量与第21,28,35和42天的牛奶产量正相关。牛奶产出时第7,14,44和42天的母乳泵频率≥6次/ d的母亲比母亲更大泵送频率<6次/ d。第7天牛奶输出的阈值（截止，406.8g / d;灵敏度，68.2％;特异性，100％）和第14天（截止，518.0g / d;敏感性，81.8％;特异性，100％ ）被确定为在第42天预测超过750g / d的牛奶产量。后牛奶的脂肪和能量水平高于第7天和第14天的中或混合牛奶。泵送≥6次/ d的那些在第7天牛奶中含有更高水平的脂肪，碳水化合物和能量。结论：大多数早产儿的母亲使用泵送频率的医院级泵≥6次/ d可以成功地达到全泌乳。应进行人乳的营养分析。
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