Sleep is important for maintaining health and general well-being. Improving sleep is becoming more important due to the growing prevalence of sleep disorders, with non-pharmacological sleep interventions increasing in popularity (de Niet et al., 2009; Ngo et al., 2013b). When comparing interventions, music-basedwere themost successfulfor improving subjective sleepquality(de Niet et al., 2009), using a range of music types including classical, jazz, and sedative (Chan et al., 2010; Chen etal.,2014;Shumetal.,2014),aswell assounds including white(Afsharetal.,2016)and pink noise (Zhou et al., 2012). The effect of music on specific sleep stages, however, is less well-known with relatively few studies to date using objective sleep quality measures (Cordi et al., 2019).
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