Small‐leaved Kuding tea (SLKDT; Ligustrum robustum) is a traditional Chinese tea. We systematically investigated the effect of SLKDT extract on obesity. SLKDT‐controlled weight gain in mice fed a high‐fat diet. Tissue specimen results showed that the SLKDT extract alleviated liver damage and fat accumulation. Meanwhile, SLKDT extract improved dyslipidemia by decreasing total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and increasing high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Furthermore, SLKDT extract reduced alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate transaminase levels in the serum and liver tissues; decreased inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interferon‐γ, and IL‐6; and increased the anti‐inflammatory cytokines, IL‐4 and IL‐10. The quantitative PCR results showed that SLKDT extract upregulated the mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐α, lipoprotein lipase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, and cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase and downregulated PPAR‐γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein‐alpha mRNA expressions in the obese mouse livers to reduce adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation, promote fat oxidation, and improve dyslipidemia, thereby inhibiting the immune response and alleviating liver injury. SLKDT shows a potential for preventing obesity and regulating obesity‐related syndrome, so it is possible to be further developed as a novel treatment for fighting obesity.
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