Global solid biofuel stove emissions strongly impact air quality, climate change, and human health. However, investigations of the impacts of global solid biofuel stove emissions on human health associated with PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter?≤2.5?μm) and ozone (O_(3)) are limited. Here, we quantify the impacts of global solid biofuel stove emissions on ambient PM_(2.5)and O_(3)air quality and the associated human health effects for the year 2010, using the Community Atmosphere Model coupled with Chemistry version 5.3. Annual mean surface PM_(2.5)concentrations from global solid biofuel stove emissions averaged over 2006–2010 are up to 23.1?μg?m~(?3), with large impacts found over China, India, sub‐Saharan Africa, and eastern and central Europe. For surface O_(3)impacts, we find that global solid biofuel stove emissions lead to increases in surface O_(3)concentrations by up to 5.7?ppbv for China, India, and sub‐Saharan Africa, and negligible impacts or reductions of up to 0.5?ppbv for the US, Europe, and parts of South America. Global solid biofuel stove emissions for the year 2010 contribute to 382,000 [95% confidence interval (95CI): 349,000–409,000] annual premature deaths associated with PM_(2.5)and O_(3)exposure, with the corresponding years of life lost as 8.10 million years (95CI: 7.38–8.70 million years). Our study highlights air quality and human health benefits of mitigating emissions from the global solid biofuel stove sector, especially over populous regions of low‐income and middle‐income countries, through promoting clean household energy programs for the residential energy supply. Plain Language Summary Ambient air pollutant emissions from global solid biofuel stove sector, including trace gases and aerosols, play a vital role in our surface air quality associated with particulate matter and ozone, which subsequently adversely impact human health. In this study, we employ a global chemistry‐climate model to simulate the effects of global solid biofuel stove emissions on ambient air quality and human health. Our study finds that global solid biofuel stove emissions contribute significantly to surface PM_(2.5)and ozone air quality over China, India, and sub‐Saharan Africa. In addition, annual total PM_(2.5)‐induced and ozone‐induced premature deaths of ～382,000 are attributable to the global solid biofuel stove emissions. Our study highlights the air quality and human health benefits by promoting clean household energy globally for the residential energy supply over low‐income and middle‐income countries, especially over those populous regions. Key Points Solid biofuel stove emissions contribute significantly to surface ambient air quality over China, India, and sub‐Saharan Africa Globally 382,000 annual premature deaths are attributable to ambient PM_(2.5)and ozone exposure from solid biofuel stove emissions Promoting clean household energy programs over low‐income and middle‐income countries to improve air quality and human health is recommended
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