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Seasonal variability in metal and metalloid burdens of mussels: using data from the German Environmental Specimen Bank to evaluate implications for long-term mussel monitoring programs

机译:Mussels的金属和金属剂的季节性变异:使用来自德国环境标本银行的数据来评估长期贻贝监测计划的影响

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Background Metal and metalloid concentrations in mussels can vary between seasons. In biota monitoring, the sampling time is therefore an important issue. Within the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) program blue mussels ( Mytilus edulis Complex) are sampled regularly since the 1980s. The samples are collected in two-monthly intervals at two North Sea sites and in 6-month intervals at one Baltic Sea site. All samples from one site and year are combined to annual composite samples and archived as sub-samples under cryogenic conditions. In order to investigate a possible reduction of the number of annual sampling intervals while maintaining comparability with the long-term composite sample data, the seasonal variability of metals/metalloids was analyzed based on the half-yearly and bimonthly samples of 2013, 2015 and 2017. Results In mussels from the North Sea site Eckwarderhoerne seasonality of metals/metalloids was comparable in all 3?years (arsenic being the only exception). At the North Sea site Koenigshafen seasonality of cobalt, nickel, cadmium, copper, lead, and arsenic was comparable in 2013 and 2015 but not in 2017, while selenium showed the same seasonality in all 3?years. Within 1?year, concentrations of metals and metalloids can vary by the same order of magnitude as observed between annual composite samples of different years making it impossible to select just one representative sampling time point per year that would provide the same information as the respective annual composite sample. Conclusions The findings highlight the importance of carefully selecting the sampling time point when using mussels in biota monitoring. For the German ESB program it is recommended to continue with the current sampling strategy and analyze annual composite samples in order to maintain comparability with the long-term data series, which are a special feature of the ESB.
机译:背景技术贻贝中的金属和金属浓度可以在季节之间变化。在Biota Monitoring中,采样时间是一个重要问题。在德国环境标本银行(ESB)方案中,计划蓝贻贝(Mytilus Edulis Complex)自20世纪80年代以来经常被取样。样品在两个北海网站的两月间隔,并在一个波罗的海网站的6个月间隔内收集。来自一种部位和年份的所有样品与年度复合样品组合并在低温条件下作为子样本存档。为了调查每年采样间隔的数量的可能降低,同时保持与长期复合样本数据的可比性,基于2013年,2015年和2017年的半年度和双月样样本分析了金属/金属体的季节性变化。结果,来自北海网站的贻贝,金属/金属季节的季节性在所有3年内相当相当(砷是唯一的例外)。在北海网站Koenigshafen季节性钴,镍,镉,铜,铅和砷在2013年和2015年的比较,但不是在2017年,而Selenium在所有3年出现相同的季节性。在1年内,金属和金属浓度可以随着不同年度复合样本的观察到的相同数量级而变化,这使得每年只选择一个代表采样时间点,这将提供与相应的年度相同的信息复合样品。结论研究结果突出了在Biota监测中使用贻贝时仔细选择采样时间点的重要性。对于德国ESB计划,建议继续使用当前的采样策略并分析年度复合样本,以保持与长期数据系列的可比性,这是ESB的特殊特征。

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