Social development and technological advancement have led to land use changes, influencing the structure of ecosystem services and severely impacting ecological balance. This study spatially and quantitatively assesses the effects of land‐use changes on ecosystem services based on the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoff (InVEST) model. This model, applied on a global scale, was used to quantify the changes in three ecosystem services, namely, carbon storage, water yield, and sediment retention, 2010 and 2100 under four land use scenarios (A1B, A2, B1, and B2) and to evaluate the impact of land use changes to these services. The results indicate that (1) sediment retention and carbon storage under scenario B1 increase more than under other scenarios, with average global increases of 175.74?t/km2 and 913.60?Mg/km2, respectively; water yield increase only under scenario A2 between 2010 and 2100, with average global increase of 3.51?mm; (2) forest and grassland are the principal land types providing three ecosystem services globally, and decreasing the area of barren contributes to increases in three ecosystem services; and (3) when barren is converted to forest, grassland, cropland, and urban, ecosystem services all increase, strengthening the utilization of barren land can increase ecosystem services greatly. This study provides a reference for further research and the sustainable development of ecosystem services. Plain Language Summary Analyzing the effects of land use changes on ecosystem services on a global scale is vital for the promotion of the sustainable development of ecosystems, especially in little‐studied areas. Many studies have mapped and analyzed ecosystem services, but most have considered only local regions. There is no global research on this subject using IPCC SRES scenarios. This study aims to predict how different development scenarios (A1B, A2, B1, and B2) affect land use changes and to analyze the impact of corresponding land use changes on the ecosystem services of carbon storage, water yield, and sediment retention from a global perspective. We found that sediment retention and carbon storage under scenario B1 increased more than under other scenarios, with average global increases of 175.74?t/km2 and 913.60?Mg/km2, respectively; water yield increased only under scenario A2 between 2010 and 2100, with average global increase of 3.51?mm, when forest, grassland, cropland, and urban were converted to barren, all three ecosystem services increased, strengthening the utilization of barren land increased ecosystem services greatly.
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