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Temperature Profiles From Two Close Lidars and a Satellite to Infer the Structure of a Dominant Gravity Wave

机译:来自两个关闭楣和卫星的温度曲线,以推断显性重力波的结构

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Gravity waves (GW) are a crucial coupling mechanism for the exchange of energy and momentum flux (MF) between the lower, middle, and upper layers of the atmosphere. Among the remote instruments used to study them, there has been a continuous increment in the last years in the installation and use of lidars (light detection and ranging) all over the globe. Two of them, which are only night operating, are located in Río Gallegos (?69.3° W, ?51.6° S) and Río Grande (?67.8° W, ?53.8° S), in the neighborhood of the austral tip of South America. This is a well‐known GW hot spot from late autumn to early spring. Neither the source for this intense activity nor the extent of its effects have been yet fully elucidated. In the last years, different methods that combine diverse retrieval techniques have been presented in order to describe the three‐dimensional (3‐D) structure of observed GW, their propagation direction, their energy, and the MF that they carry. Assuming the presence of a dominant GW in the covered region, we develop here a technique that uses the temperature profiles from two simultaneously working close lidars to infer the vertical wavelength, ground‐based frequency, and horizontal wavelength along the direction joining both instruments. If in addition within the time and spatial frame of both lidars there is also a retrieval from a satellite like SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry), then we show that it is possible to infer also the second horizontal wavelength and therefore reproduce the full 3‐D GW structure. Our method becomes verified with an example that includes tests that corroborate that both lidars and the satellite are sampling the same GW. The improvement of the Río Gallegos lidar performance could lead in the future to the observation of a wealth of cases during the GW high season. Between 8 and 14 hr (depending on the month) of continuous nighttime data could be obtained in the stratosphere and mesosphere in simultaneous soundings from both ground‐based lidars.
机译:重力波(GW)是大气中的低,中,和上层之间的能量和动量通量(MF)的交换的关键联接机构。其中用于研究他们的远程工具,出现了在安装和使用的激光雷达(光探测和测距)全球各地在过去几年连续的增加。其中的两个,这是只有晚上营业,位于里奥加耶戈斯(?69.3°W,?51.6°S)和格兰德河(?67.8°W,?53.8°S),在南方的南国尖端附近美国。这是深秋知名GW热点早春。不论是对于这种激烈的活动,也不是其影响的程度源都尚未完全阐明。在过去几年中,结合了不同的检索技术不同的方法已经被以描述观察到的GW的三维(3-d)的结构,它们的传播方向,其能量,并且MF它们携带呈现。假设一个主导GW在覆盖区域中的存在,我们在这里开发使用来自两个同时工作的接近激光雷达的温度曲线来推断垂直波长,基于地面的频率,并且沿着方向接合两个仪器水平波长的技术。如果除了时间和两个激光雷达的空间框架内也有从像SABER(使用宽带发射辐射测量大气的测深)卫星的检索,然后我们表明,有可能还推断出第二水平波长,并且因此再现全3-d GW结构。我们的方法变得与一个包括证实,这两个激光雷达和卫星被采样相同的GW的测试的示例验证。在里奥加耶戈斯激光雷达性能的提高可能在未来导致大量案件的GW旺季期间的观察。在8和14小时(取决于月份)连续夜间数据可以在同温层中获得并在来自两个地面激光雷达探测同时中间层。

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