In this article, a comprehensive parameter analysis for the polling-based medium access control protocol is executed. The theoretical expressions of the relationship between network parameters and performance including delay and energy consumption are given for the first time. The specific conclusions in this article are as follows: (1) awake duration is the parameter that has the greatest impact on delay and energy consumption. Increasing the duty cycle (awake duration) will effectively reduce the delay, but will also increase the energy consumption within a certain range; (2) increasing polling duration can reduce the delay, but it will also increase the energy consumption; and (3) more forwarding nodes cause a smaller delay, and it can save the energy with modest increase of delay by reducing the polling duration. An adaptive parameter optimization polling-based medium access control protocol is proposed to optimize network performance. In this protocol, the residual energy gets fully used to increase awake duration and polling duration, which makes the delay smaller, and the network maintains a long lifetime meanwhile. Based on the results of the analysis, the adaptive parameter optimization polling-based medium access control protocol proposed in this article reduces the delay by 22.40% and increases the energy efficiency by 23.25%.
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