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Bromide and other ions in the snow, firn air, and atmospheric boundary layer at Summit during GSHOX

机译:在GShox期间,夏天,FiRN空气和大气边界层的溴化物和其他离子

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Measurements of gas phase soluble bromide in the boundary layer and in firn air, and Br in aerosol and snow, were made at Summit, Greenland (72.5° N, 38.4° W, 3200 m a.s.l.) as part of a larger investigation into the influence of Br chemistry on HOx cycling. The soluble bromide measurements confirm that photochemical activation of Br in the snow causes release of active Br to the overlying air despite trace concentrations of Br in the snow (means 15 and 8 nmol Br kg?1 of snow in 2007 and 2008, respectively). Mixing ratios of soluble bromide above the snow were also found to be very small (mean 1 ppt both years, with maxima of 3 and 4 ppt in 2007 and 2008, respectively), but these levels clearly oxidize and deposit long-lived gaseous elemental mercury and may perturb HOx partitioning. Concentrations of Br in surface snow tended to increase/decrease in parallel with the specific activities of the aerosol-associated radionuclides 7Be and 210Pb. Earlier work has shown that ventilation of the boundary layer causes simultaneous increases in 7Be and 210Pb at Summit, suggesting there is a pool of Br in the free troposphere above Summit in summer time. Speciation and the source of this free tropospheric Br are not well constrained, but we suggest it may be linked to extensive regions of active Br chemistry in the Arctic basin which are known to cause ozone and mercury depletion events shortly after polar sunrise. If this hypothesis is correct, it implies persistence of the free troposphere Br for several months after peak Br activation in March/April. Alternatively, there may be a ubiquitous pool of Br in the free troposphere, sustained by currently unknown sources and processes.
机译:在边界层和FiRN空气中的气相溶性溴化物和气溶胶和雪中的BR的测量,是在峰会(72.5°N,38.4°W,3200米ASL)中的一部分对影响的较大调查的一部分霍尔斯循环的BR化学。可溶性溴化物测量结果证实,尽管雪中的痕量Br(分别在2007年和2008年的雪中的雪中,但雪中Br的光化学激活会导致覆盖空气释放到上覆空气。也发现溶于溴化物上方的混合比例非常小(平均1个PPT两年,分别在2007年和2008年的3和4 PPT的最大值),但这些水平明显氧化和沉积长期的气态元素汞并且可能会扰乱HOX分区。表面雪中Br浓度倾向于与气溶胶相关放射性核素7BE和210pb的特定活性平行增加/减少。早期的工作表明,边界层的通风在峰会上引起7BE和210pb的同时增加,建议在夏季时间以上峰会的免费对流层中有一个池。这种自由的对流层BR的形态并不受到很大的限制,但我们建议它可能与北极盆地中的广泛的活性Br化学区域相关联,该河北部众所周知,在极地日出之后不久会导致臭氧和汞耗尽事件。如果这个假设是正确的,它意味着在3月/ 4月的峰值BR激活后持续的对流层BR的持久性。或者,在自由的对流层中可能存在无处不在的BR,由目前未知来源和过程持续。

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