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Effect of photochemical ageing on the ice nucleation properties of diesel and wood burning particles

机译:光化学老化对柴油和木材燃烧粒子冰核特性的影响

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摘要

A measurement campaign (IMBALANCE) conducted in 2009 was aimed at characterizing the physical and chemical properties of freshly emitted and photochemically aged combustion particles emitted from a log wood burner and diesel vehicles: a EURO3 Opel Astra with a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) but no particle filter and a EURO2 Volkswagen Transporter TDI Syncro without emission aftertreatment. Ice nucleation experiments in the deposition and condensation freezing modes were conducted with the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber (PINC) at three nominal temperatures, ?30 °C, ?35 °C and ?40 °C. Freshly emitted diesel particles showed ice formation only at ?40 °C in the deposition mode at 137% relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) and 92% relative humidity with respect to water (RHw), and photochemical ageing did not play a role in modifying their ice nucleation behaviour. Only one diesel experiment where α-pinene was added for the ageing process, showed an ice nucleation enhancement at ?35 °C. Wood burning particles also act as ice nuclei (IN) at ?40 °C in the deposition mode at the same conditions as for diesel particles and photochemical ageing also did not alter the ice formation properties of the wood burning particles. Unlike diesel particles, wood burning particles form ice via condensation freezing at ?35 °C whereas no ice nucleation was observed at ?30 °C. Photochemical ageing did not affect the ice nucleation ability of the diesel and wood burning particles at the three different temperatures investigated but a broader range of temperatures below ?40 °C need to be investigated in order to draw an overall conclusion on the effect of photochemical ageing on deposition/condensation ice nucleation across the entire temperature range relevant to cold clouds.
机译:2009年进行的测量运动(不平衡)旨在表征从木材燃烧器和柴油车和柴油车发射的新鲜发射和光化学的燃烧颗粒的物理和化学性质:欧元3欧姆Astra,柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)但没有粒子过滤器和欧元2大众运输机TDI Syncro没有排放后处理。沉积和冷凝冻结模式中的冰成核实验在三个标称温度下用便携式冰成核室(胶)进行,α35℃和α40℃。新鲜发射的柴油颗粒仅在沉积模式下在沉积模式下显示冰形成,相对于冰(RHI)和92%相对湿度相对于水(RHW),而光化学老龄化并没有发挥作用在修改他们的冰成核行为。仅为老化过程加入α-Pine烯的一个柴油实验,在α-35℃下显示冰成核增强。木材燃烧颗粒也以与柴油颗粒的相同条件在沉积模式下用作冰核(In),并且光化学衰老也没有改变木材燃烧颗粒的冰形成性质。与柴油颗粒不同,木材燃烧颗粒通过冷凝在α35℃的冷凝形成冰,而在30℃下没有观察到冰核。光化学衰老不影响柴油和木材燃烧颗粒在研究的三种不同温度下的冰成核能力,但需要调查40°C的更广泛的温度,以便在光化学老化的影响下得出整体结论在与冷云相关的整个温度范围内的沉积/凝结冰核。

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