Renal large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare type of kidney tumor in clinical practice. The tumor is highly aggressive, has a poor prognosis, and is prone to recurrence and metastasis to other organs. Neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) is a rare and highly malignant tumor that can occur in multiple organs and tissues throughout the body, with the gastrointestinal, pancreas and lungs being the most common. 1 Neuroendocrine can- cers that originate in the kidneys are very rare. At present, accord- ing to the histological characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors (NEN), NEN is divided into typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), small cell carcinoma (SCC), and large cell Neuroendocrine car- cinoma (large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, LCNEC). 2 The cause of renal neuroendocrine tumors is not clear. The age of onset of renal NEN is mostly 50 to 60 years old, most of which are elder peo- ple with no gender orientations, and primary renal carcinoid tumor could more likely arise in horseshoe kidney. 3 Since Resnick re- ported the first primary renal carcinoid in 1966, 4 there are few re- ports of renal LCNEC so far. Here, we will report a case of renal LCNEC with horseshoe kidney.
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