Control of Navel Orangeworm in Almond, 2019

摘要

This study evaluated the efficacy of reduced risk insecticides forNOW control. The study was conducted in an almond orchardnear Manteca, CA. Five treatments and an untreated check werereplicated four times in an RCB design, each replicate being asingle tree. Two replicates were on an inside row of the orchard,and two were on an outside row. The two rows were both nonpareilwith a pollinator row in between. The orchard was plantedwith 22 ft row × 20 ft tree spacing. Materials were applied witha hand-held orchard sprayer operating at 200 psi with a finishedspray volume of 150 gal/ac. NOW were monitored withtwo egg traps and pheromone traps. Traps were placed in the orchardon 19 Jun and the traps were monitored weekly until 5Sep. Treatments were applied to the outside row on 10 Jul at thebeginning of hull split (5% or less) when eggs were present onNOW egg traps and moths were captured in pheromone traps.A second application was applied on 23 Jul. Treatments were appliedto the inside row on 16 Jul at the beginning of hull split (5%or less) when eggs were present on NOW egg traps and mothswere captured in pheromone traps. A second application was appliedon 30 Jul. The applications occurred during the second flight,with the third flight beginning two weeks after the last application.Due to grower equipment limitations, harvest was delayed anddid not occur until 10 Sep. Shortly after harvest (shaking) on10 Sep, 250 nuts per tree (1,000 nuts/treatment) were pickedup from the ground before windrowing and inspected for NOW.Infestation was classified as none, larvae present (predominantlythird-generation larvae originating from the third flight) or larvaeabsent (predominantly second-generation larvae originating fromthe second flight that already pupated and emerged before evaluation).Data were analyzed using ANOVA and means separationwith Fisher’s protected LSD (P 0.05).