Developing of modern cultivation technology of organic potatoes

摘要

Medium term field experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of biological ways to increase potatoes yield on the sod-podzolic, light loamy soil. The effects of the following two groups of factors were studied: 1. The level of mineral nutrition provided by compost; 2. Microbiological pant protection product (bio preparations): Flavobacterin which has N fixer attribute and Vitaplan and Kartofen, which have bio fungicide features. Potatoes varieties ‘Nevsky’ and ‘Udacha’ were cultivated. The compost was applied in the dose range from 0 to 160 kg N ha-1. Treatment with bio-preparations was carried out by potato tubers during planting and leaves during the growing season. Weeds were removed mechanically. Weather conditions had a significant impact on the formation of the crop. The average yield of standard potato tubers for 2017–2018 ranged from 14.1 to 29.3 t ha-1. The use of both microbiological preparations and compost gave approximately the same effect and increased yields by 35–37% compared to the control. The use of compost together with bio-preparations provided an output of 27.6–29.3 t ha-1 of potatoes. In 2019, the joint use of compost and bio-preparations allowed to reach a yield of 40 tons ha-1 of marketable potatoes. On the basis of the obtained data, the mathematical dependencies of the yield of potatoes on the dose of compost, the type of biological preparation and the complex indicator of the year conditions were determined.