Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is an allergic lung inflam- mation associated with acute fever, severe hypoxemia, diffuse pul- monary infiltration, and eosinophilia in BAL fluid. Although it is not known whether the pathogenesis of AEP differs from that of other eosinophilic lung diseases, such as chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP), patients with AEP tend to experience more severe and more rapidly progressing symptoms, including fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain, as compared with patients with CEP. Preceding exposure to tobacco smoke or other inhaled substances has been suggested to contribute to the development of AEP but not CEP.
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