Air and water represented essential and critical elements of life in broiler chickens farms. The influence of some air and water impurities on performance, biochemical profile, cortisol levels, intestinal bacterial load, immunoglobulin concentrations, and tissue architecture in broiler chicken farms was studied. A total of 210 one-day-old classic Hubbard broilers were divided into six groups and housed on deep litters into six independent rooms. Broilers of G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5 were challenged with ammonia (75 ppm), lead nitrate (0.1 mg.L-1), E. coli O157: H7 (1.5 x 108 CFU.ml-1), magnesium sulfate (0.075 mg.L-1), and ammonium chloride (0.005 mg.L-1) respectively, and G6 were kept as a control group. Challenges were applied for 2 hr/week for three successive weeks starting from 14th days old. A total of 1368 samples were collected including 228 air samples, 190 sera, 190 intestinal swabs, and 760 organ samples including liver, heart, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius. Weight gains, feed intakes, and performance indices revealed highly significant improvement (P 0.01) in most challenged broiler groups. Total protein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, cortisol sera concentrations, and Total bacterial and Enterobacteriaceae counts revealed highly significant increases (P 0.01) in all challenged broiler groups. Meanwhile, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, IgG, and IgM revealed highly significant declines (P 0.01) in all challenged broilers compared to control. Histopathological photomicrographs confirmed the disturbances in tissue architecture in all challenged broilers compared to the normal histologic microscopic appearance in the control group. The study concluded that environmental impurities impaired most of the physiological functions and histological appearance even after relieving the challenges and for a while. Some impurities were able to act as growth promoters after the relief of the overwhelming challenge conditions.
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