Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common chronic oral mucosal lesion affecting up to 25% of the population. The diagnosis is based on well-defined clinical characteristics, but the precise aetiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. The treatment of RAS should be based on the identification and control of possible predisposing factors. A wide range of topical medicaments is available as antiseptics, anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids. The systemic treatment is indicated in patients with continuous and aggressive manifestation, which is extremely rare in children. The present article provides a review of the current concept and knowledge of the aetiology, pathogenesis, and management of RAS in the paediatric population.
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